| Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad | |
|---|---|
| Reporting mark | RFP |
| Locale | Virginia, United States |
| Dates of operation | 1836–1991 |
| Successor | CSXT |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) |
| Headquarters | Richmond, VA |
The Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad (reporting mark RFP) was a railroad connecting Richmond, Virginia, to Washington, D.C. It is now a portion of the CSX Transportation system.
The RF&P was a bridge line, with a slogan of "Linking North & South," on a system that stretched about 113 miles.[1] For the major portion of its existence, the RF&P connected with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Seaboard Air Line Railroad at Richmond. At Alexandria and through trackage rights to Union Station in Washington, D.C., connections were made with the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Southern Railway. There was a connection to the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad at Potomac Yard, and an interchange with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway at Doswell.
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The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad was chartered on February 25, 1834, to run from Richmond north via Fredericksburg to the Potomac River. It opened from Richmond to Hazel Run in 1836, to Fredericksburg on January 23, 1837, and the rest of the way to the Potomac River at Aquia Creek on September 30, 1842. Steamboat service to Washington, D.C., and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad was provided by the Washington and Fredericksburg Steamboat Company, later renamed the Potomac Steamboat Company, controlled by the railroad after 1845.[2]
On October 11, 1870,[3] an extension to the north toward Quantico was authorized at a Special meeting of the company's stockholders. The company's charter limited this branch to 10 miles, leaving it 1.7 miles short of the Alexandria and Fredericksburg Railroad. This split from the existing line at Brooke and ran north to Quantico, also on the Potomac. The old line to the Aquia Creek wharf was abandoned on the opening of the Quantico wharf on May 1, 1872.[4]
On the other end of the line, the Alexandria and Washington Railroad was chartered on February 27, 1854, to build from the south end of the Long Bridge (14th Street Bridge) over the Potomac River south to Alexandria. That line opened in 1857. The railroad went bankrupt and was sold July 9, 1887, being reorganized November 23, 1887, as the Alexandria and Washington Railway. In 1873 the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad's branch over the Long Bridge opened, giving a route into Washington, D.C., over which the A&W obtained trackage rights.
The Alexandria and Fredericksburg Railway was chartered February 3, 1864, to continue the line from Alexandria to Fredericksburg. It opened on July 2, 1872, only reaching Quantico, the north end of the RF&P. At Quantico the 1.7-mile (2.7 km) Potomac Railroad, chartered April 21, 1867, and opened May 1, 1872, connected the two lines. It was leased to the RF&P for 28 years from May 17, 1877. On March 31, 1890, the two companies terminating in Alexandria merged to form the Washington Southern Railway. Until November 1, 1901, it was operated by the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad and its successor the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad (part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system). The Potomac Railroad lease was transferred to the Washington Southern on June 30, 1904. On February 24, 1920, the Washington Southern was formally merged into the RF&P.
The Richmond-Washington Company was incorporated September 5, 1901, as a holding company, owning the entire capital stock of the two railroads. The stock of the company was owned equally by the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Southern Railway, Seaboard Air Line Railway and Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. Three of these companies (B&O, ACL, SAL) have since become part of CSX. The Southern Railway is now part of Norfolk Southern, and does not use the former RF&P; the former Pennsylvania Railroad, in its later incarnation as Conrail, has been split between CSX and Norfolk Southern, with most of the PRR's routes becoming part of Norfolk Southern.
From 1902 to 1908, major sections of the main line totalling 21 miles (34 km) were relocated.
| John A. Lancaster | 1834-1836 |
| Conway Robinson | 1836-1838 |
| Joseph M. Sheppard | 1836-1840 |
| Moncure Robinson | 1840-1847 |
| Edwin Robinson | 1847-1860 |
| Peter V. Daniel, Jr. | 1860-1871 |
| John M. Robinson | 1871-1878 |
| Robert Ould | 1878-1881 |
| Joseph P. Brinton | 1881-1889 |
| E. D. T. Myers | 1889-1905 |
| William J. Leake | 1905-1907 |
| William White | 1907-1920[6] |
| Eppa Hunton, Jr. | 1920-1932 |
| Norman Call | 1932-1955 |
| William T. Rice | 1955-1957[7] |
| Wirt P. Marks, Jr. | 1957-1960 |
| Stuart Shumate | 1961-1981[8] |
| John J. Newbauer, Jr. | 1981-1985 |
| Richard L. Beadles | 1985-1986 |
| Frank A. Crovo, Jr. | 1986-1991 |
The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac and Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Connection was chartered March 3, 1866, and opened May 1, 1867, as a connection between the RF&P and the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad (later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad) west of downtown Richmond. It was operated jointly by those two companies. In addition, a downtown connection was owned by the R&P past Broad Street Station.
The Louisa Railroad was chartered in 1836, running from the RF&P at Doswell west to Louisa. At first it was operated as a branch of the RF&P, but it was reorganized as the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850 and merged into the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad in 1868 as its oldest predecessor.
The short branch from the north end to Rosslyn opened in 1896, and was sold to the Rosslyn Connecting Railroad in 1903, which was controlled by the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad.
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